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Techniques Used
Substrate culture is common in the cultivation of fruit-consuming species (tomato, pepper, strawberry). Perlite, rock wool and coconut peat are used as substrate. Perlite is a local material, perlite reserves, more than half of the world is located in Turkey. Rock wool and coconut peat are imported. Among these environments, perlite and coconut peat do not have a waste problem, they can be used for landscaping and growing potted plants after being used in soilless agriculture.
Çukurova University Scientists Grow Soilless Lettuce in Aquaculture. (2017)
The hydroponic greenhouse that Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality established in cooperation with Yıldız Technical University in order to support national agriculture and increase agricultural production started to produce its first products. (2019)
The use of hydroponics in commercial production was started in Turkey in Antalya in 1995. Soilless agricultural activities, which were initially carried out on a total of 100 decares in two enterprises, have increased rapidly since 2004. As of 2016, it is estimated that the landless agricultural area in the country is around 12000 decares. Although it is applied in a very limited area (~ 2-3%) compared to the total greenhouse area, it is increasing rapidly. Although the first soilless farming enterprises in the country were established in Antalya, the center of greenhouse cultivation, greenhouse enterprises engaged in soilless agriculture turned to geothermal fields in the 2000s, since greenhouse air conditioning is essential to achieve high efficiency and quality, especially in species such as tomatoes and peppers. With these developments, the Aegean Region has become a center of attraction for these businesses. Apart from the Aegean Region, greenhouses heated with geothermal energy and soilless agriculture have been established in the Southeastern Anatolia Region and the Eastern Anatolia Region. Apart from geothermal energy in greenhouses where soilless agriculture is used, the main energy source is coal. In addition, although there are greenhouses heated with waste energy, the area is limited.
Aquaponics Unit was established within the scope of the project carried out by the Western Mediterranean Development Agency and the Rectorate of Akdeniz University. In the 250 square meter nylon greenhouse, 3 fish tanks (diameter 2.5m, depth 1m) each with a capacity of 5 tons of water and a two-storey plant production area with a total surface area of 60 square meters was created. (2016).
The education in aquaponics and hydroponics receives no special support from authorities and specialized organizations as FAO for example. No special course was designed besides the FAO technical paper issued in 2014 and called “Small scale aquaponics food production”15, as a part of Climate-smart agriculture sourcebook.
